Showing posts with label Shenandoah. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Shenandoah. Show all posts

September 4 - First U.S. Airship!

Posted on September 4, 2020

"Conquering" the air took millennia. Ancient Chinese people flew kites - even, at times, human-carrying kites. 



Some ancient people crafted birdlike wings using lightweight wood and feathers, or stiffened their cloaks to create batlike wings - and then they jumped off high roofs or even towers to either glide or fly. People often ended up getting badly injured or even dying in these attempts, but gliding has been done successfully - and continues today, regularly, with modern hang gliders.



Hot air balloons have been steadily improved upon since ancient times, as well.




Heavier-than-air flying machines were designed and built, tested and improved since at least the time of Leonardo da Vinci, and of course in 1903 heavier-than-air powered flight was successfully accomplished by the Wright brothers.




And then there are airships. Zeppelins. Blimps. Dirigibles. 



Whatever you call them, lighter-than-air craft were used for almost all long-distance flights even after airplane travel became a thing. 



On this date in 1923, the first U.S. military airship, the USS Shenandoah, took its first flight. It later became the first airship to cross the continent of North America.

By the way, when I see photos of old-time airships, I always think of the Hindenburg, but the Shenandoah was filled with helium - which doesn't burn - rather than hydrogen - which burns easily! So it was much safer than the Hindenburg and other airships filled with hydrogen!

As a matter of fact, the Shenandoah was the first rigid airship to be filled with helium! You may wonder why people didn't use safe-safe-safe helium in all airships, but at the time helium was pretty scarce. As a matter of fact, the Shenandoah alone used a big portion of the entire world's reserves of helium!!! The next airship in the U.S. military actually used the helium from the Shenandoah! Recycled helium? Rad!




August 2, 2012 - The Civil War Finally Ends—Again!


– 1865

On this date in 1865, the Confederate ship C.S.S. Shenandoah finally stopped fighting the Civil War, more than three months after Lee surrendered his Confederate army!

You see, the ship had been in the Pacific Ocean, finding and attacking Union whalers and other merchant vessels. This is a kind of warfare called “commerce raiding,” and it's meant to steal wealth from an enemy, to make the ocean unsafe for enemy ships—unsafe for whaling or trading—to discourage and maybe even terrorize. The Shenandoah burned or scuttled most of the ships they captured, and bonded the rest to be used carrying prisoners to Brazil. (The prisoners were the ships' crew and passengers who wouldn't join the Confederate navy. Many men did join the Shenandoah's crew!)

Being in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, back in the 1800s, meant that Captain Waddell and the other officers aboard the Shenandoah were pretty cut off from news. However, on June 27, Captain Waddell was shown a newspaper article about Lee's surrender. However, the same paper contained Confederate President Jefferson Davis's proclamation that the war would be carried on with renewed vigor.

So Waddell continued to attack whalers—capturing ten more before he heard that Confederate generals Johnston and Smith and Magruder also surrendered, and that Mr. Davis and his cabinet had been captured.

At that point, Captain Waddell disarmed the ship and went back to England to surrender his ship.

Hmm...back to England?

Captain Waddell did not go back to the United States because he feared that he and his crew would be tried and executed as pirates. I mean, what they'd done on the high seas WAS piracy, pretty much, but it was supposedly LEGAL piracy, if you look at it from the Confederate government's point of view.

Waddell suspected that Yankee courts would not see it from the Confederate point of view!

Also, the C.S.S. Shenandoah was built in Scotland as a British trading ship. So Liverpool, in Great Britain, was home for the ship. (By the way, the Shenandoah was the only Confederate ship that circumnavigated the globe.)

When did the war REALLY end?

I'd always accepted that the U.S. Civil War ended when Lee surrendered on April 9, 1865. Apparently that is the “official” ending date.

However, other dates are:
  • the last battle of the Civil War was in Texas on May 12 and 13.
  • the last significant Confederate army to surrender was Cherokee Brig. General Stand Watie and his Indian soldiers, on June 23.
  • the very last Confederate surrender was Captain Waddell's surrender of the Shenandoah—which happened months after he disarmed and started back to England. Apparently the ship didn't reach Liverpool until November 6, 1865!

Also on this date: