Showing posts with label hybrid. Show all posts
Showing posts with label hybrid. Show all posts

October 2 – World Farm Animals Day

Posted October 2, 2018


Today is supposed to be about raising awareness of ways that farm animals' lives could be happier and more comfortable. 

Some people try to
buy makeup and toiletry
products that aren't
tested on animals,
as well as being
careful about animal
products that they eat.
One thing we can do is to eat less beef. We can also eat less meat and dairy, and fewer eggs. If we eat less of every animal product, there will be fewer farm animals, and hopefully less crowding and therefore a better life for farm animals that still exist.

We can also shop for meat, dairy, and eggs from smaller family-owned farms.




We can buy free-range eggs, and we can try to avoid products from factory-farm-raised animals. 



We can talk to supermarket workers about our concerns and leave response cards at grocery stores.

So what exactly are farm animals?

In the U.S., we consider "farm animals" to include cows, sheep, pigs, and chickens, plus horses (for their labor). To a lesser extent, we include goats and donkeys and rabbits, plus a range of poultry including turkeys, geese, and ducks. 

I was wondering what "farm animals" include worldwide. The answer is a bit deflating: 

Mostly the same. 
Cows. Sheep. Goats. Chickens. Pigs. 

There are some additions to the list, worldwide. Camels are raised in northern Africa, the Mideast, and China. Buffalo and yaks are raised in many parts of Asia. Elephants are raised (for their labor) in Asia, as well. Llamas and alpacas are raised in South America, as are rhea (which are birds that look like small ostriches). Crocodiles are raised in Australia, peacocks are raised in Indonesia, and reindeer are raised in Scandinavia.





Naturally, since the world has grown smaller (which means transportation and communication are faster and easier), all of these creatures can be raised anywhere in the world. 

And nowadays, a larger variety of animals are raised on farms than in the past. Several sorts of birds, including ostriches and pheasants and quail, are farm-raised. Aquaculture farms raise fish such as salmon and tilapia, crustaceans such as lobsters and crabs, and mollusks such as oysters and clams and mussels.



And then there are the hybrids. Of course, a mule is a hybrid of male donkeys and female horses, but there are also beefalo (cattle and bison - the latter is often called buffalo), dzo (cattle and yaks), zubron (cattle and European woods bison), cama (camel and llama), yakalo (yaks and buffalo), sheep goat, Iron Age pigs (wild boar and pigs), and of course hinnies (male horses and female donkeys).










March 28 – Mule Day in Columbia, Tennessee

Posted on March 28, 2016

I have already written about “Mule Day” on October 26, the anniversary of the arrival of mules in the United States. 

This is another celebration of “all things mule,” a tradition in Columbia, Tennessee, for almost 170 years. 

It began as Breeder's Day, which was a livestock show and mule market held on a single day once a year. But now it is a week-long festival that includes all sorts of shows and competitions.

Here are some of the things Mule Day festival-goers can enjoy:
  • a wagon train
  • an arts & crafts and flea market
  • Pickin' and Grinnin' (music and dancing)
  • clogging
  • a blue grass music fest
  • a pool tournament
  • a liars' contest
  • a parade
  • a knife auction

And, if that doesn't sound mule-oriented enough:
  • jackpot mule races
  • a mule auction
  • a riding mule show
  • log loading and pulling competitions


  • a miniature donkey and mule show
  • driving and riding mule shows
  • a gaited mule championship
  • and more!

And of course a ton of food! From ham and biscuits to a “Hee-Haw Chili Supper,” from a pancake breakfast to a bake sale, and loads of food booths.


The biology of mules

You probably know that a mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. Horses and donkeys are different species, and they have different numbers of chromosomes. Horses have 64 chromosomes, and donkeys have 62. Mules end up with 63 chromosomes. Because of the different structure and number of chromosomes, most mules are infertile – a pair of mules can't themselves have offspring.

Chromosomes are the threadlike organizing “packets” that contain most of the DNA of an animal (or other organism). A gene is an individual segment of DNA, and chromosomes contain many genes packed together. One way of thinking about it is to say that DNA is in genes, and genes are on chromosomes.

If a male horse and a female donkey have offspring, it is not called a “mule,” but rather a “hinny.” However, it is easier to breed mules than hinnies.

In nature it would be unusual for two species to breed together. So you may wonder why people would bother to breed horses and donkeys. Why do mules even exist?

Because mules are considered by many to have the best of both animals. They are more patient than horses, more sure-footed, more hardy. They live longer than horses and have more endurance for long journeys or heavy loads. They are faster than donkeys, and they are also less stubborn than donkeys (although “mulish” is a word we use for a really stubborn person...hmm...). Mules tend to be larger and more intelligent than either of their parents.

This “best from both” parents is called hybrid vigor.




Also on this date:



















































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