Showing posts with label Messier. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Messier. Show all posts

March 4 - Herschel Spots the Orion Nebula

  Posted on March 4, 2022


This is an update of my post published on March 4, 2011:




Back in the good old days of astronomy, when telescopes were fairly new-fangled, and people had only been using them to study the skies for a century or two (merely!), it was soooo much easier to make discoveries!

Now everything is all discovered, and named, and cataloged. There's nothing more to discover. Right?

Absolutely wrong! We are still making larger telescopes, and we are putting some of them into outer space, above our atmosphere, and we are making some that observe different wavelengths of light, and we are arranging some in Very Large Arrays. Plenty of people are making discoveries, including some amateurs and even kids!





Also, we can communicate our discoveries much more quickly—and we can find out if our “new thing” is really an old, already discovered, already cataloged thing. That task wasn't so easy back in William Herschel's time.


William Herschel, a British astronomer, was very careful not to catalog and “name” (that is, give a number label to) anything he observed that had already been named in Messier's famous catalog. However, he messed up a bit on this particular occasion, on March 4, 1774. He gave the nebula the number H III.I – but it had already been named Messier 43, and it had even earlier than that been discovered by Jacques de Mairan. If Herschel had had the internet, with its almost instant communications and powerful search engines, he'd have known about the earlier sightings and labelings!


This is the entire Orion Nebula.
Messier 43 is the small comma-
shaped dab on the left side of
the larger Messier 42.

Here is another photo of Messier 42 & 43,
taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.


This is just Messier 43.

By the way...

Messier's catalog was a list of fuzzy patches of light, as opposed to points of light, as the stars appear to be. Most Messier objects, we now know, are nebulas or galaxies. Do you know the difference?

Nebulas are clouds of gas and dust that lie between the stars. We can only see nebulas that are lit up by stars within (or behind) the gas cloud, or that block light coming from a lit-up nebula.


Above, nebula
Below, galaxy


Galaxies, on the other hand, are huge collections of stars planets and nebulas and other astronomical bodies. Our solar system is a part of the Milky Way Galaxy.


Phil Plait, the Bad Astronomy guy, wrote an article about this nebula.



Also on this date:
























Vermont Celebrates Statehood







Plan ahead:




Check out my Pinterest boards for:


And here are my Pinterest boards for:



October 13 - Whirlpool Galaxy Discovered!

 Posted on October 13, 2021


This is an update of my post published on October 13, 2010:




It was only later that we discovered the beauty and violence of the Whirlpool galaxy. On this day in 1773, when Charles Messier first spotted and labeled the galaxy Messier 51 (or M51), he was just cataloging a little blob of light in his telescopic view of the night sky.

Messier was a French astronomer and comet hunter. Comets often appear to our naked eyes or telescopes as fuzzy patches of light in the dark sky, but of course they only appear for a few days or months and then disappear again, as their long elliptical orbits only bring them near Earth once in a very long while.

The other fuzzy patches of light that we can see night after night, and year after year, are considered “permanent” objects in the night sky. Messier decided to create a catalog of such objects and their locations, so that astronomers wouldn't be confused by them when looking for comets.

These more permanent blurry spots of light are usually nebulae (clouds of glowing gas), galaxies (huge groups of billions or even trillions of stars that are gravitational bound together, usually in spiral or elliptical shapes), or globular clusters (spherical groups of thousands or millions of stars).

Discovering the beauty...

Better viewing of M51 with better, more advanced telescopes revealed that it has a small companion galaxy and that the original galaxy has a very tight spiral pattern. That's why it is called Whirlpool Galaxy. 

Discovering the violence...

Evidence seems to indicate that the small companion galaxy ripped back and forth through the center of Whirlpool about 500 million years ago and then again around 50 million years ago.



Learn more...

Our own Milky Way galaxy is a spiral, also, but we can't see the spiral from our vantage point. We look at spiral-shaped galaxies far from home, such as this one - the Andromeda Galaxy - to see what our own galaxy might look like from different angles.

We can see the Whirlpool Galaxy from "above," and so we are really able to see the spiral pattern.



Here is the Whirlpool Galaxy with photos taken using different wavelengths of “light":





the Whirlpool Galaxy in X-rays


Did you know that what we call light is electromagnetic radiation, and that different wavelengths and frequencies of radiation behave quite differently? For example, visible light cannot penetrate our skin, but X-rays can. You are probably familiar with electromagnetic radiation that is too low frequency to be seen, called radio waves or infrared, and you have also heard of high-frequency waves such as X-rays and ultra-violet.


Also on this date:











































(Second Wednesday in October)



aka Unity Day
(Second Wednesday in October)






(Second full week of October)


(Wednesday of Earth Science Week)




Plan ahead:



Check out my Pinterest boards for:
And here are my Pinterest boards for: