Showing posts with label apartheid. Show all posts
Showing posts with label apartheid. Show all posts

July 18 - Nelson Mandela's Birthday

   Posted on July 18, 2022     


This is an update of my post published on July 18, 2011:




He spent 27 years in prison. 
Just four years after his release, he was elected president of his nation!

Those two things do not normally go together. However, the stories of Nelson Mandela and his country, South Africa, are not your average stories.


South Africa had the fortune and MISfortune of having a lot of mineral wealth, particularly diamonds and gold. It was also located in an important area of the world, at the very tip of Africa, a spot passed by ships traveling between Europe and Asia. That meant that world powers fought over control of the land, the strategic location, and all that wealth. In 1961, after years of colonization and invasion, slavery and wars, South Africa became a truly independent republic - Hooray! -

BUT - Boo! -– it was established as a nation with legally institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination. The descendants of the original Black residents -– and owners! - of the land were kept in a dreadful system in which they were way less than first-class citizens. This dreadful system of legal segregation and discrimination was known as apartheid.


Apartheid was an appalling policy that trampled on the rights of the majority of the people of South Africa. Many Black people in South Africa worked tireless to end apartheid.


Women in South Africa and in nearby nations worked to
win their rights, to free political prisoners, and to end apartheid.


People from other African nations joined in the effort, and eventually people from all around the world called for an end to apartheid. Some participated in protest demonstrations and boycotted South African businesses. (My own sister was briefly held by police here in the U.S. for her participation in an anti-apartheid demonstration!) 

Within the country of South Africa, anti-apartheid activists used strikes, marches, protests, and even bombings and sabotage to fight against the oppression. Mandela, one of the anti-apartheid leaders, was arrested and convicted of sabotage, and he was sentenced to life in prison.


I read that Mandela and his anti-apartheid organization were influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and used nonviolent protests for years. However, the nonviolent strategies didn't work, and eventually the organization began to bomb governmental buildings when they were empty, with the intent of not hurting and killing people. Unfortunately, the guerilla war against the South African government spilled over into unplanned violence and did end up causing civilian deaths; Mandela sharply criticized the organization's own violations of human rights.

While he was still a young man, before his arrest, Mandela (born on this day in 1918) had earned a university degree. While in prison, he studied law through correspondence courses from a British university and earned his law degree.


When he was finally released from prison in 1990, Mandela became a strong voice for negotiation and reconciliation. He showed, not just leadership, but greatness. And he won more than 250 awards, including the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize. He was elected South Africa's first Black president in 1994.



Mandela's life is a treasure to all humanity because of his efforts for human rights and for non-violent civil disobedience.









(Third Monday in July)






(Third Monday of July)




(Last two Mondays in July)




April 27 - Freedom Day in South Africa - AND Birthday of Coretta Scott King!

 Posted on April 27, 2021


 This is an update of my post published on April 27, 2010:



On this day in 1994, South Africa held its first post-apartheid elections. 

Apartheid was a formal system of segregation and discrimination along racial lines. Racial segregation and racial discrimination were common in all of colonized Africa, including South Africa, but on this date in 1950, a law was passed setting up the formal system.  The Group Areas Act made segregation the law of the land, with forcible removal and relocation of “blacks,” “coloured,” and “Indians” in order to achieve that segregation.



Under the apartheid regime, non-whites had only limited rights to vote, so they couldn't overthrow apartheid through free and fair elections. Instead, non-white folks in the country had to use resistance, boycotts, and protests - including some violent protests. Nelson Mandela was one of the stars of the anti-apartheid movement - even after he was imprisoned for political reasons!


Nelson Mandela


One reason that all those protests finally won was that many people in other countries joined in with protests and governments of other countries, such as the United States, finally-finally-finally passed sanctions against South Africa. 


And so, in the very late 1980s and the early 1990s, apartheid was ended and political prisoners were released.


Nelson Mandela, who had become the leading voice for non-violent resistance and protest, was released after being in prison for 27 years!!!!

Like I said, today is the anniversary of the 1994 election. For the first time, in South Africa, everyone of voting age (over 18) from any racial group was allowed to vote. And Nelson Mandela was elected president.


Scenes from the 1994 election:
Above, Mandela voting.
Below, the lines to vote were
looooooooooooooong!


To commemorate the day and celebrate freedom, the day is a public holiday.





ALSO ON THIS DAY:

April 27, 1927, Coretta Scott was born. She grew up to marry Martin Luther King, Jr.


Before and particularly after MLK's assassination, Coretta Scott King was active in the U.S. civil rights movement. She dedicated time and energy, not only to ending racial segregation and discrimination, but also to rights for women, world peace, equality for people of all sexual orientations, and opposition to apartheid.

Before and particularly after her husband's assassination, Coretta Scott King was active in the civil rights movement in the United States. She dedicated time and energy, not only to ending racial segregation and discrimination, but also to rights for women, world peace, and equality for people of all sexual orientations.




Coretta Scott King also participated in protests against the South African apartheid regime and urged U.S. president Ronald Reagan to approve economic sanctions against the government in an effort to end the regime. She traveled to South Africa to meet with Winnie Mandela, wife of then-imprisoned Nelson Mandela.


I wonder if she felt like that first free-and-fair election, and Mandela being elected president, were an extra-special birthday present?

Learn more about Nelson Mandela, Coretta Scott King, and South Africa.

Watch the movie Invictus. This excellent movie stars Morgan Freeman and Matt Damon and concerns Nelson Mandela's efforts to unite South Africa after years of violence and segregation. It's both heartwarming and inspiring. We don't see the violence and injustice that preceded the events in the film; instead, we are offered visions of forgiveness, growing understanding, and sport. (The film is rated PG-13 for brief strong language.)

Read The Day Gogo Went to Vote, by E. B. Sisulu. (Gogo means “grandmother” in Xhosa and Zulu.)


Explore the photos and facts about South Africa available on Kids' National Geographic.



Listen to an interview (well, a chunk of an interview) with Coretta Scott King.

Quotes from Coretta Scott King and Nelson Mandela:

“Hate is too great a burden to bear. It injures the hater more than it injures the hated. “ – Coretta Scott King

 

 


“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” – Nelson Mandela

“I still hear people say that I should not be talking about the rights of lesbian and gay people and I should stick to the issue of racial justice. But I hasten to remind them that Martin Luther King, Jr., said, 'Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.'" – Coretta Scott King

 

 


“It always seems impossible until it's done.” – Nelson Mandela







Birthday of U.S. President Ulysses Grant













Matanzas Mule Day





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