January 26 – Happy Birthday, Mary Mapes Dodge

Posted on January 26, 2014

Just a few days ago I talked about the enthusiasm Dutch people have for skating and speed skating.  Today I want to talk about an author that first introduced me and other Americans to that enthusiasm. Mary Mapes Dodge wrote the book Hans Brinker, or the Silver Skates, and it became an instant best-seller, a prize winner, and a children's literature classic. It has been continuously in print ever since it was first published in 1865.

Hans Brinker was set in Holland (or the Netherlands). But Mary Mapes Dodge, who was born in New York City on this date in 1831, had never been to Holland when she wrote it. How did she manage to write such a successful book set in a place she'd never been?

For one thing, Dodge did a lot of research. She read large volumes about Dutch history and customs, and she talked a lot about life in Holland with her Dutch neighbors in the U.S.

For another thing, the book was instantly popular in America. And most Americans didn't know nearly as much about the Netherlands, even, as Dodge, so she could slip up here and there. And slip up she did! She botched a lot of the Dutch names and words she used in her novel. (If you're interested, check out this list of her mistakes.) 

And of course, Hans Brinker IS a novel. That means it's fiction. Dodge made up stuff, of course, just like any novel writer!

One part of Hans Brinker that is very familiar to many people is a story about a little Dutch boy holding back the sea and saving his country by putting his finger into a hole in a dike. Versions of this story were in print in English-language publications from 1850 to 1863. Dodge included a version in her book, a story written about an anonymous hero and read in a classroom in England. In her novel, one of Dodge's characters tells everyone that the story is true, and that all the children in Holland know the tale.

A statue in the Netherlands
of a Dutch boy who is an
American fiction and folk hero.
However, of course the tale is not true. More surprising to many is that the tale is not commonly known to the Dutch—certainly not back in the 1800s. It is the novel Hans Brinker that popularized the story of the boy and the dike; since then others have written poems, stories, and even full-fledged children's books about the heroic boy. Many people remember incorrectly that it was Hans Brinker who was supposed to have saved his country by sticking his finger in a dike. Tourists in the Netherlands have asked so often to see the dike where this event happened (even though it never happened), that now there are at least three statues of the boy and the dike!

So, thanks to Dodge, a bit of American folklore is now acknowledged in the Netherlands as if it were Dutch, and many people seem to think that a fictional event (supposedly done by a nameless hero) really happened, and that it was done by a completely-separate-but-also-fictional character!

(If you are interested in actual Dutch folklore, check out this English-language website.) 


By the way...

Did you know that a Google image search of “Hans Brinker” will come up with a LOT of very strange-but-funny ads for the Hans Brinker Budget Hostel in Amsterdam? It's supposed to be a world's worst hotel, with filthy rooms and a broken elevator. And...it's all too true. Yet the sarcastic advertisements have worked – people from all over the world hasten to rent out the rooms!

A lot of the ads read,
"It can't get any worse.
But we'll do our best."


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Lotus 1-2-3 Day












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January 25 – Alasitas Fair in Bolivia

Posted on January 25, 2014

This South American fair is a celebration of the miniature. It is a festival of prosperity and abundance.

And it is a very, very old tradition!

Before Bolivia was an independent nation, before it was a Spanish colony, before it was part of the Incan Empire, it was the Tiwanakan Empire of the Aymara people. And one of the gods was Ekeko, a little man with a big belly and a pack on his back. During this festival, figures of Ekeko are on sale—statues showing the god with his mouth open and his arms spread wide, ready to spread good luck.

Also on sale are miniatures of all sorts – teeny houses and baby dolls, little replicas of clothing and food, tiny pots and pans, itsy-bitsy cars and university diplomas, and miniature replicas of almost anything you could think of!
Especially popular: mini-money! Of course there are a lot of tiny replicas of dollar bills and Bolivianos (the currency of the nation).


People buy miniatures of the real items that they want in the coming year, and they put them into Ekeko's pack! (A variation involves a statue wearing a handwoven poncho; the miniature items are pinned to the poncho.)

By the way, the name of the fair, Alasitas, is the Aymaran word for “buy from me.” It is what merchants call out to attract people to buy their miniatures, their Ekeko figurines, or their full-sized food or handicrafts. There are also lots of carnival games and rides to enjoy at the fair!


I love miniatures!

If I were ever to travel to Bolivia, I would love to go during the Alasitas Fair. It would be so fun to buy handcrafted items in miniature, don't you think? Easier to display than full-sized items, too!

Here in the U.S., most people who are into miniatures often either build and furnish dollhouses or play war games.

I have been to at least two miniature museums—a FANTASTIC one in Los Angeles that is, sadly, no longer in existence, and the amazing Old West Miniature Village and Museum in Cody, Wyoming. I make a few miniature scenes with small-scale Christmas decorations every year. So much fun!


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January 24 – Elfstedentocht in the Netherlands

Posted on January 24, 2014

The challenge: can you skate over all the frozen canals that connect all 11 towns in the province—in just one day?
In the 1700s, young men who lived in Friesland, a province of what was then the Dutch Republic, began trying to accomplish this feat. 
These days, thousands of men and women take part in the “Eleven Cities Race,” skating about 200 km (120 miles)!
This race is not held every year. It is only held when the natural ice along the entire course is at least 15 cm (6 inches) thick, and some years that doesn't happen. (There have been gaps between races of 5, 10, even 20 or more years.) However, when the ice is suitable—BAM!—the race is announced and is held within the next 48 hours!
Actually, the race is accompanied by “the tour.” The first is a speed-skating race, and about 300 contestants participate. The tour is people skating the course at a more leisurely pace, not competing, and around 16,000 skaters participate in this way.
Here are the years that the Elfstedentocht has been held since I've been alive:
1956
1963
1985
1986
1997

There hasn't been thick enough ice since 1997—that's 16 years! Because the event is so rare, people get really excited when there are several days of freezing temperatures; people begin to ask each other if this will be the year; weathermen make predictions; news reporters publish predictions and speculation; and officials begin to make decisions that will help the ice thicken (such as not allowing use of the canals). There was such a build-up of excitement in January and early February in 2012, and it seemed obvious that the race – would – finally – happen! But then the weather warmed, and everyone's hopes were dashed!
Some Dutch people want their 11-city-tour so badly that they travel to get it! Since 1974 people have held an Alternative Eleven City Tour in another country—meeting on particular days for 200-km races and leisure tours in nations such as Norway, Finland, Poland, and even the US/Canada. Since 1989 the race has been held on a gorgeous mountain lake in Austria. Today is a recreational tour, with distances up to 200 km, open for everyone. Tomorrow will be a speed-skating race. Monday there will be team-pursuit racing for pros. A variety of other recreational and professional tours and races occur during the January 21 to February 1 event.

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Pioneer in the study of memory Hermann Ebbinghaus's birthday 














AND Talk Like a Grizzled Prospector Day


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January 23 – Anniversary of the Creation of Liechtenstein

Posted on January 23, 2014


Europe has some really tiny countries!
Liechtenstein is one of them. At just 61 square miles (160 square km), the nation is just a little bit bigger than a city near me, Anaheim, California (where Disneyland is). It's much smaller than the really large city near me, Los Angeles.
And we're comparing cities with nations, mind you!
It is a German-speaking countries tucked in between two other German-speaking countries—Switzerland and Austria—and it is known as a principality, with a government headed by a prince. 
Liechtenstein was created on this date in 1719.
Being small has some great advantages. It is one of the richest nations, per capita, and its unemployment rate and its crime rate are some of the lowest in the world! Liechtenstein doesn't even have any military forces!
Other things that make Liechtenstein special:
  • It's the only nation that lies entirely in the Alps.
  • It's one of just two nations that are doubly landlocked—which means that you would have to go through two other nations, from Liechtenstein, before you would come to an ocean.
  • Like the other tiny countries in Europe, Liechtenstein has no airport.
Get a good feel for Liechtenstein from this short video

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January 22 – Happy Birthday, George Balanchine

Posted on January 22, 2014

George Balanchine is sometimes called the Father of American Ballet. One of the world's most famous choreographers (someone who plans and arranges dance movements), he co-founded the New York City Ballet and was its balletmaster for more than 35 years!


He was not, however, from NYC or even America. Balanchine was born in Saint Petersburg, in the Russian Empire, on this date in 1904. And his name when he was born was Giorgi Melitonovitch Balanchivadze.

His father's family were from Georgia (but not the peachy American state Georgia; rather the Eastern European country Georgia), and they included artists, soldiers, and an opera singer/composer who had helped to create the Tbilisi Ballet Theatre. His mother was Russian and was very fond of the ballet. She was not from high society like her husband, and she thought of ballet as a way to be more cultured and highbrow. She insisted that her 9-year-old son Giorgi audition with his sister for ballet, even though he wasn't all that interested in ballet.

Based on that audition, Balanchine was put into the Imperial Ballet School!

When the Bolsheviks revolted against the Russian czar and took over the government, they closed down the Imperial Ballet School. Balanchine played piano for food, in order to survive. Eventually the school was reopened, Balanchine graduated, and he began to work as a dancer. He also enrolled in a conservatory where he studied music.

George Balanchine got married very young—just 19 years old!—to an even-younger woman, who was just 16 years old. She was also a dancer. (Eventually Balanchine married and divorced five times—always to one of his dancers!) The two took advantage of being outside of the restrictive Soviet Union, on a dance tour with the Soviet State Dancers, to flee to Paris and freedom.


Balanchine had done some choreography even at a young age, so when he had to reduce his dancing because of a knee injury, he turned to choreography in Paris and Monte Carlo. Then he was persuaded by a patron of the arts named Lincoln Kirstein to relocate to America to start a ballet company.

And that's how a Georgian-Russian boy became the Father of American Ballet!

I LOVE Balanchine's Nutcracker

Balanchine's production of Tchaikovsky's ballet The Nutcracker is one of the most famous versions of a famous ballet. Watch this short video on how kids train to be a part of that show!




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Answer Your Cat's Questions Day 



















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January 21 – Midwife's Day in Bulgaria

Posted on January 21, 2014


Old Midwife's Day in Bulgaria is January 8, according to the Julian calendar—but it is today, January 21, on the Gregorian calendar! 

Also called Babin Den, or Granny's Day, all the babies and women who had used services of the village's midwife that year would visit the baba (the midwife, who is lovingly honored with the title grandmother) with gifts of flowers, food, and/or clothing. There was, in some places and times, a ceremonial washing of the baba at the well or river; and the baba, wearing a necklace made of red chile peppers, does a ceremonial washing of all the babies she has delivered that year.


These days, most Bulgarian babies are born in hospitals, with doctors and nurses rather than midwives. However, at least one source says that many people carry out the old tradition by bringing flowers to the medical personnel who brought them or their children into the world.

That's a nice tradition!

What is a midwife?

For many centuries, midwives have helped deliver babies using the accumulated knowledge from countless midwives and countless years' of experience. Of course, some of that “knowledge” was really just superstitions that were passed down from generation to generation. For example, two things that Bulgarian babas usually did to ensure an easy delivery was to make the sign of the cross three times and to bless the house with incense. Such customs can help people psychologically—a sort of placebo effect—but do not actually do anything to ensure a safe or easy childbirth.

Modern midwives in developed nations might have soothing customs that are well known to help delivering moms focus or relax, but they also have professional training and medical knowledge. They are experts at normal childbirth—whether it occurs in the parents' home or in a childbirth center or in a hospital. They know when things aren't “normal” and more extensive medical help is needed. Many midwives are able to offer help after a baby is born, as well, advising moms about breastfeeding and newborn care.



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Errol Barrow Day in Barbados 













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