February 4 – Happy Birthday, Facebook

Posted on February 4, 2016


Love it or hate it, you've almost certainly heard of Facebook.

It's the Number 1 social media networking site, with almost four times as many users as Number 2 (Twitter).

And it's 12 years old today!

Founder Mark Zuckerberg famously started the website while he was a student at Harvard University. Harvard students live in one of 12 residential houses, each with some 350 to 500 students, each with its own dining hall, common rooms, and other facilities. Many of the houses offered paper “Facebooks” to their members; these were directories with each house member's photo, name, and a bit of info. Zuckerberg used the photos from nine houses' Facebooks to make a “who's hotter?” online game that became immediately successful but was shut down almost as immediately by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg was almost expelled, but he was inspired to go on with his project of making an online social network. He launched it on this date in 2004, under the name “Thefacebook,” located at thefacebook.com.



Zuckerberg was sued by other students who complained that he had tricked them—he had promised to help them build a Harvard social network, but (they said) instead he used their ideas to create a competing social network. They finally settled their lawsuit several years later for a hefty amount of shares in Facebook! Cha-ching!

Thefacebook was restricted to only students of Harvard, but after a month Zuckerberg and his business partners expanded to other Ivy League universities. Gradually, they widened the circle to more and more universities...then high school students...then anybody in the world who was at least 13 years old (or willing to lie about their age).

Almost two billion people in the world now use Facebook! Only about three billion people in the world use the internet at all, so that's a pretty good percentage of all web-surfers!

Facebook creator Mark Zuckerberg has probably
had a Facebook profile a lot longer than
President Obama, who only got his
own FB profile in November of 2015!

The company is now worth more than 44 billion dollars!! And it employs more than 11 thousand people. Hmm...how is that possible, when we all use it for free?

Of course, there are many people, including people who actually use Facebook, who criticize aspects of the company, and/or aspects of social media at all! Here is a YouTube criticism that seems really apt! 




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Astronomer Clyde Tombaugh's birthday






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February 3 – National Girls and Women in Sports Day

Posted on February 3, 2016



Today is the 30th annual National Girls and Women in Sports Day!

Check out the official website for events and resources. 

Of course, playing sports can have a ton of benefits. Sports can provide great, regular physical exercise and increased fitness. They also provide a chance to de-stress and blow off steam. Sports, like all physical exercise, also help provide a good mood and promote learning and other mental processes. Sports can help people gain confidence and build social skills, including leadership skills.

To celebrate the day...

  • Get involved with making sure that girls in your town have access to many choices in sports.
  • Play sports!
  • Watch women's sports on TV.
  • Check out some links:

Here is a brief history lesson on American women whose athletic feats helped make women's sports more popular and accessible. 

Here is Mia Hamm's organization, which seeks to develop more opportunities for young women in sports. 

Girls and women still struggle for equal EVERYTHING in sports – equal pay for professional athletes, equal respect, equal time, and so forth. Check out the bajillions of cool videos on #LikeAGirl.  I like this one: Stronger Together.

Here, here, and here, learn about girls taking the sports world by storm. 





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Painter Norman Rockwell's birthday















Paleontologist Gideon Mantell's birthday








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February 2 – World Wetlands Day

Posted on February 2, 2016

Wetlands are really, really important to the Earth's biosphere. These ecosystems are land areas that are saturated with water (either all the time or just part of the year); the plants that grow in wetlands are adapted to wet soil, and many different sorts of animals live in wetlands as well.

Wetlands are considered the most biologically diverse of all ecosystems. That means that there are more different kinds of plants and animals in wetlands than there are in either fully aquatic or drier land ecosystems. And some animals that only live in wetlands part-time use those areas to breed, feed, or even “just” rest. (Resting is important for migratory birds!)

Wetlands often act as reservoirs that hold fresh water. They often act as filters, because wetlands plants remove impurities and excess nutrients from water.

Do I need to point out that anything that is important to the Earth's biosphere is also important to humans? According to the World Wetlands Day website, more than a billion people make a living from wetlands! 

Here are some types of wetlands:

swamps

Swamps are wetlands that are forested. Swamps can be fresh water, brackish water (somewhat salty), or seawater (very salty).


Mangroves are adapted to having "wet and salty feet."
Swamps are often pictured as kind of sinister and creepy.


marshes

Marshes have few if any woody plants – and any woody plants that occur are low-growing shrubs. So, no trees. Usually, marshes are grassy.


bogs

Bogs are characterized by peat – dead plant materials that have accumulated and made the water acidic.


Bogs are sometimes called mires, quagmires, or muskegs. We talk about getting mired in work, bogged down by a problem, or stuck in a quagmire (a tricky situation that is difficult to solve) because sometimes people or animals get stuck in bogs or mires.

Don't worry; this horse WAS pulled to safety.

fens

Fens are also mires, but they are alkaline rather than acidic. Rather than coming from peat (dead plant materials), the waters of a fen are full of minerals and often bubble up from springs.


Even though wetlands are so important to food chains, biodiversity, and even human economies, some people view them as just wasteland. They sometimes want to drain such areas so that they can build more stores and apartments and roads. We have lost more than 64% of the Earth's wetlands since 1900.

Yikes!

To learn more, check out...




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Ice Cream for Breakfast Day














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February 1 – National Freedom Day

Posted on February 1, 2016


There are several holidays surrounding the freeing of the African American slaves, such as Emancipation Day and Juneteenth. 

Today, I introduce another: National Freedom Day, celebrated on February 1, commemorates the date when Abraham Lincoln signed a joint resolution that proposed the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, outlawing slavery. Lincoln signed the resolution on this date in 1865.

The first time National Freedom Day was celebrated was in 1942; a wreath was laid by the Liberty Bell as a part of the ceremony. That wreath became an annual tradition.

When I read that this holiday was created due to the efforts of a former-slave, I wondered about him...

So, let me tell you a bit about this holiday-creator:

Major Richard Robert Wright, Sr., was born into slavery in Georgia in 1855. When the slaves were emancipated, Wright's mother and her son walked 200 miles to get to a place where a freedman could attend school. Wright went to the Storrs School, which was at first held in an abandoned railway car (!), but which became Atlanta University. Wright became the valedictorian at Atlanta University's very first graduation ceremony!

Wright earned both bachelor's and master's degrees.

Wright did a ton as an adult. He became principal of a school, bought a white newspaper and started one of the first African-American-owned newspapers in Georgia, served in the U.S. Army and rose to be Army Paymaster, which made him the highest-ranking African American in the Army. He established the first tax-supported public high school for African Americans in Georgia and founded an industrial college. He conferred with leaders and developed curricula and founded organizations and served as a delegate to national conventions. When he was 67 years old, he became a banker, and the bank that he founded became the largest African-American owned and operated bank in the North (at that point in his life he he had abandoned Georgia for Pennsylvania).

Wright lived to be 92 years old. The last chapter of his life, he worked to get National Freedom Day as an official commemoration, and he lived long enough to celebrate National Freedom Day five times! 

It seems that Wright's efforts to create this holiday are what led to February being Black History Month!






Another contribution from Wright...

While he was still a child in school, a retired Union general named Oliver Howard spoke to the assembled students. At the end of his speech, he asked the children what message he should take back to the children of the North. Wright stood up and said, “Sir, tell them we are rising.”

Those words, “tell them we are rising,” were simple yet hopeful. They made a big impact on many, especially when they were immortalized in a John Greenleaf Whittier poem called “Howard at Atlanta.” That poem reads as extremely condescending and racist, today, but it is interesting that the white poet took inspiration from Wright's words. After quoting Wright (not by name, he spoke of him as “a little boy”), Whittier wrote:

O black boy of Atlanta!
But half was spoken
The slave's chain and the master's
Alike are broken.
The one curse of the races
Held both in tether
They are rising,--all are rising,
The black and white together!

Eventually Wright's granddaughter wrote a book with the title Tell Them We Are Rising.




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