Showing posts with label Lithuania. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Lithuania. Show all posts

February 16 - Independence Day in Lithuania

     Posted on February 16, 2022


This is an update of my post published on February 16, 2011:




A nation has a lot of choices of when to celebrate its “birthday” or its independence. For example, the United States celebrates its independence on July 4, the date in 1776 that the Declaration of Independence was approved by the Continental Congress. Americans could celebrate on the date that the Congress voted to declare independence (July 2), the date the declaration was signed (probably August 2), the date that, years later, the British army surrendered in Yorktown (October 19), or the date almost a year after that, when the Treaty of Paris formally ended the Revolutionary War (September 3). I'm pretty sure we could invent a rationale to celebrate independence on some other dates as well.


Lithuania is one of the "Baltic nations"
that lie to the east of the Baltic Sea. 


Lithuania has even more choices for when to celebrate its establishment as an independent nation. A medieval version of the country was established waaaay back in the twelfth century (1100s), and the Kingdom of Lithuania was united under Mindaugas in the 1230s.

 
Eventually the nation was called the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. This government was dissolved when Lithuania became part of a Polish-Lithuanian union, and the Russian Empire annexed Lithuania in 1795. Lithuanians rebelled against Russia in November of 1830 and again in January of 1863, but it wasn't until Russia was weakened by World War I, in the early twentieth century (1900s), that Lithuania was able to successfully pull away and re-establish its independence.

On September 18, 1917, a conference of Lithuanians adopted a resolution to establish its independence. On September 21, 1917, a Council of Lithuania was elected to “codify” the decision—to write out a formal declaration of independence, I guess. December 11, 1917, a first draft was passed. On January 8, 1918, a second draft was approved, and on February 16 the third and final draft was passed.

Later in the twentieth century, in 1940, the Soviet Union took over Lithuania, and again Lithuanians had to wait for the power that ruled them to weaken. Lithuania was the first country to break off from the Soviet Union in 1990, formally re-establishing independence on March 11, 1990.

One would think that perhaps this latest independence date, March 11, would be celebrated today, but Lithuanians then and now argue that the February 16, 1918, Act establishing Lithuania as an independent nation never lost its legal status. Both dates are acknowledged with receptions and observances, but it is February 16 that is the official holiday.


The trees were planted so as to depict the Lithuanian flag!




Browse a photo gallery of Lithuania. 

I learned a lot about Lithuania from this video.  Of course, it's very much a video cheering on only the good stuff—a rah, rah propaganda video—but well done and interesting.









January 13 - Defenders of Freedom Day in Lithuania

 Posted on January 13, 2021

This is an update of my January 13, 2010, post:



In March, 1990, Lithuania had declared itself independent from the Soviet Union. But it wasn't until this day in 1991 that that independence crystallized for many.

Unfortunately, Lithuania's liberty cost 14 brave people their lives.


During this “Winter War,” the Soviet Union tried to crush—literally crush, with tanks—the newly reborn nation of Lithuania. Armed Soviet troops and tanks mobilized in the capital, Vilnius, and tried to take over the Parliament, the TV to
wer, radio buildings and the printing house. However, thousands of Lithuanians poured out into the streets and resisted. Without weapons, some were mowed down when soldiers shot into the crowd and when tanks advanced.

I read moving accounts of average, everyday 
people who never thought of themselves as heroes, sure they were going to die and wishing they had a chance to say goodbye to their loved ones, standing their ground against the tanks...singing songs...advising each other to stand away from the windows of the Parliament building they guarded, to reduce injury if the Soviets fired on the building...and then responding with joy and disbelief when the Soviet tanks turned around.

The small nation of Lithuania thus defended itself against the once-mighty Soviet empire.










This event is sometimes called the Singing Revolution because the crowds of Lithuanians were armed only with courage and songs. It is definitely an example of peaceful protest winning against aggression.

Commemorate the peaceful protesters who lost their lives in Lithuania in 1990 by exploring peaceful ways to resolve minor, everyday conflicts.


Discuss with others ways in which people are able to solve difficulties without resorting to aggression.

  • Sometimes we get aggressive just in the way we talk to other people, if we interrupt them or pounce on mistakes or argue a lot. Instead of doing those things, adopt a “Tell-Me-More Buffer” so that you don't respond too quickly, before the other person has even gotten his or her point out.
This is useful when someone has said something that makes you mad. Instead of responding right away, you can say, “Tell me more.” You'll have a chance to hear more—and maybe understand better—of what that other person is trying to say. You'll have a cool-down period so that, when you do respond, you can be calm and reasonable. Good idea, huh?
Did you ever notice...
...that resolution is only one letter different from revolution?


Different words have negative or positive connotations (which is the emotional coloration that adds to the actual meaning of a word).


For example, slim sounds more attractive than skinny.
 You'd want to have an item of clothing that is a good value, but not necessarily one that is cheap. Careful tends to be a compliment; guarded and unadventurous, not so much.

What do yo
u think the connotations of these revolutionary words are? Which are positive, and which are negative? Does it just matter which side you're on?

1. rebel
2. maverick
3. agitator
4. nonconformist

5. protester
6. traitor

7. revolt

8. uprising
9. riot

10. resistance
11. mutiny

12. insurrection





ANSWERS: 

There are no absolute answers! I believe that 1, 3, and 6 seem much more negative than 2, 4, and 5. And certainly 6 sounds the worst of the bunch to me. The most violent of the first 6, it seems to me, is 1.

Numbers 9 and 11 seem quite negative, and I have a pretty negative feeling about 12, too. Both 7 and 8 seem neutral—I can imagine good OR bad revolts and uprisings. Number 10 seems peaceful and probably righteous. The most violent of the last half, I believe, is 7.



Who chooses the words...?

Overall, I think that words used to describe revolution are deliberately chosen to make us feel sympathy for either the rebels or for those rebelled against.

As I sit here updating this 11-years-ago post (from January, 2010), I realize just how important this topic is to recent events happening in the U.S. (January, 2021). 

The U.S. has experienced months and months of mostly peaceful protests about state violence against citizens (police brutality and the unfair justice system, both targeting minorities, and most especially targeting black citizens!) - and the police response to these protests has been mixed. In some cities, the police did not escalate, but the "peacekeeping" forces of many cities responded to peaceful citizens with a shocking amount of violence, with pepper spray and militarized clothing and weapons. A few police forces were even guilty of enabling and encouraging armed vigilantes! Of course, all of this was accompanied by a lot of right-wing media dishing out a constant stream of propaganda that painted peaceful protesters as thugs, vandals, and looters - even, strangely, as communists.


This is just a police officer in Miami, Florida, keeping
watch over a peaceful protest. This photo shocked me!


(Unfortunately, with emotions running high and a populace that is already scared because of the global pandemic, there have been a teeny-tiny fractional percentage of Black Lives Matter protesters who acted badly. And there have been some non-protesters who took advantage of the situation to become provocateurs or break laws.)

Okay, so that is the context within which we see the events of January 6, 2021: the sitting president of the United States held a rally, repeated his oft-stated and just-as-oft-debunked lie that the presidential election was stolen from him. Several times during his long, meandering speech, the president encouraged the rally-goers to walk to the Capitol, and once he encouraged them to walk to the Capitol and "fight like Hell"!

The people that went to the Capitol that day included folks with weapons and tear gas and one guy with zip-ties. Someone had rigged a gallows and noose, and loads of people smashed up TV cameras and made a noose out of camera cables. The group overwhelmed Capitol Police, broke windows, illegally entered the building, smeared feces on walls, grabbed a podium, perched a MAGA hat on the bust of Founding Father George Washington, and engaged in rough, riotous behavior such as throwing things. They injured at least 50 police officers and killed one. (Four of the rally-goers died, as well.) 



Were they protesters or rebels, patriots or treasonous insurrectionists? Was it a protest or a riot? Was the group a mob? Different people have different labels for this awful event, but there are loads of photos and videos that show many of the pro-Trump "protesters" being violent and destructive - but also show that the protesters were met with a lot less resistance from Capitol Police officers than one would expect or even hope for!  



July 6 - Statehood Day in Lithuania

Posted on July 6, 2019

Lithuania, like so many other nations, broke away from the USSR in 1990-1991, so I thought "Statehood Day" was the celebration of that event. However, the events that gave rise to modern, independent Lithuanian are celebrated by another holiday: Day of Restitution of Independence of Lithuania, on March 11. (And Lithuania had earlier declared itself independent, at the end of World War I, on February 16, 1918, giving rise to yet another patriotic holiday: Day of Restoration of the State of Lithuania!)

So...what is Statehood Day all about?

It's about events long, long ago!

Waaaayyyy back at the onset of Lithuania's existence as a nation, in the 1200s!

A Grand Duke named Mindaugas (who was probably born around 1200) rose to power using methods that are yicky but were normal way back then:

- By marrying women who would help form alliances with rival realms, and...

- By conquering other people's lands, and...

- By banishing or murdering those who wished to push him out of power, and set up their own rule.

On this date in 1253, Mindaugas was crowned King of Lithuania. He ruled from 300,000 to 400,000 people. 



Soon (in the 1300s) Lithuania became the largest nation in Europe. Called the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, this nation included present-day Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, and parts of Poland and Russia.

So Statehood Day looks back to when Lithuania was first united together as a nation, to its time as the biggest and possibly most powerful force in the region. Of course, it was later swallowed up by other empires, but that's why Lithuanians also celebration restoration and restitution!

Another thing Lithuanians can celebrate: their beautiful nation!