Showing posts with label Michelangelo. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Michelangelo. Show all posts

March 6 – Happy Birthday, Michelangelo

Posted on March 6, 2014

One of the most famous sculptors of all times, one of the most famous painters of all times, and one of the most famous architects of all time was born on this date in 1475.

Of course, as you probably guessed, they were the same guy. He was also a poet and an engineer. So, yeah: a true “Renaissance Man”!

Of course, we're talking about Michelangelo. Actually, his full name was Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni! He was born in the Republic of Florence, which is now part of Italy.



Michelangelo's story is not one of those typical starving-artist, only-discovered-after-he's-dead stories. Instead, Michelangelo was highly praised even during his lifetime. As a matter of fact, during his lifetime he was sometimes called “the divine one” (but in Italian). 

He inspired the Mannerist movement, and he created pieces that were considered masterpieces during his lifetime and still are today, centuries later.


Michelangelo sculpted two of his most famous pieces, Pieta and David, before he was thirty years old. One of his greatest architectural works is the dome and western end of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, and one of his greatest paintings is the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel




One might think that, with so many of his works being so large-scale and amazing, Michelangelo didn't make a LOT of works. I mean, can you have quality and quantity? Well...with Michelangelo, yes, you can. He did create many works, and he made a lot of sketches and wrote a lot of letters to others and journaled about his own memories. With all of these sketches and writing, he is the best-documented artist of the 1500s.

Okay, so he was a genius. Do you ever wonder how geniuses get their start?

When Michelangelo was quite young, his mother fell ill, and Michelangelo was sent to live with a stonecutter and his wife. The boy remained there for a while after his mother died, when he was just six years old. There he learned how to handle a chisel and hammer.

Michelangelo just so happened to grow up in the greatest cultural center of Italy, at the time (Florence) so he was surrounded by art. He used to skip his school assignments in order to copy paintings from churches and talk to painters. One of these Florentine painters, a man named Domenico Ghirlandaio, was called to the Vatican to decorate the walls of the Sistine Chapel. When Michelangelo was just thirteen years old, he was apprenticed to Ghirlandaio. When he was fourteen, Michelangelo's father convinced the established artist to pay Michelangelo as an artist (rather than just feed and house him as an apprentice), and soon after than Ghirlandaio chose Michelangelo, as one of his two best pupils, to go to the university-like academy that the ruler of Florence had established.

So the answer to the question, how do geniuses get their start is (in this case at least): young!

  • Try an art project inspired by Michelangelo, using directions found here or over here


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February 11 – Anniversary of the Foundation of Vatican City

Posted on February 11, 2014

Vatican City is the smallest independent country in the world. This “nation” is so small, it's entirely inside the capital city of another country!


Vatican City is the enclave in which the Pope, leader of the Roman Catholic Church, lives and works, along with about 900 other full-time residents and around 3,000 workers from outside Vatican City. The Pope is considered the head of state as well as the head of his religion. And this city-state is located entirely inside Rome, Italy.

Swiss Guards Corps
Vatican City has recognized boundaries, people who live there on an ongoing basis, and its own currency (coins) and postage stamps. The Vatican's economic activity consists of fees from admission to museums and sales of items such as publications, stamps, and tourist mementos. It has an internal police force in the Swiss Guards Corps. Two of the most important criteria for being considered an independent country is sovereignty (no other country—not even Italy—has power over the territory of Vatican City) and recognition as a country by other countries.

Vatican City isn't like most other countries because it doesn't have transportation systems, external defense, or utility services. It relies on Italy for all of these things. These agreements—sovereignty and “independence,” BUT dependence on Italy for infrastructure and defense—were created with the Lateran treaty, signed on this date in 1929.

What you see at the Vatican...

The Sistine Chapel
I've been to Rome, so of course I went to Vatican City. (By the way, walking into Vatican City definitely does not feel like crossing a border—no passport check, for example.) One thing I saw was a really, really, really, really, really long line to get into the Sistine Chapel.

Okay, I probably should've waited in that line. But I was only going to be in Rome for two days, so I chose not to spend all those hours in line. 

I missed seeing some amazing tapestries, ceramics, miniatures, and frescoes—and the famous Michelangelo painting on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. I also didn't take a guided tour through the Vatican Gardens.

This is a detail from the ceiling painting.
Instead, I went to Saint Peter's Basilica, which is plenty amazing! This huge church is the largest in Europe (until 1989, the largest in the world): 614 feet long, 145 feet high in the aisle, 435 feet inside Michelangelo's dome. It is considered one of the greatest creations of Rome's Renaissance—and it should be, since it was worked on by pretty much every great architect in Italy during the 16th and 17th centuries: Michelangelo (of course), Bramante, Raphael, Peruzzi, Bernini, Maderno, and Antonio Sangallo the Younger.

St. Peter is supposed to be buried there, and many other popes have certainly been buried in the crypt and necropolis. There is a treasury museum inside the church, and there are some great statues. Arguably the most famous statue is Pieta, by Michelangelo: it portrays Mary holding her grown son Jesus after he has been killed.

Two big changes have occurred since Michelangelo, then age 25, finished carving the statue. First, some critics of his time said that such a young sculptor could not have created such a beautiful piece by himself. Michelangelo was angry and returned to the sculpture, where he signed his name by chiseling it into Mary's sash. He never signed any of his other sculptures, before or after. The second change is much more recent: in 1972 a crazy man used a hammer to knock off Mary's nose and fingers. (Did I mention he was crazy? He was screaming, “I am Jesus Christ” as he attacked the statue.) The statue has been repaired, but visitors now have to view it behind bulletproof acrylic glass! (So sad.)

There are millions and bajillions of things to see in St. Peter's, and after seeing all of that, we went out to the Piazza (plaza), where an enormous crowd waited to see Pope John Paul II come to a window and wave and briefly address the crowd in Italian. That was a really crazy scene, with the colorful Swiss Guards and an even more colorful procession with little kids bobbing their heads as they were carried on tall carry-sticks.

Wow! What a spectacle it all made!


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September 8, 2012 - The Statue of David is Completed


– 1504

 Seventeen feet tall and made of marble, the statue of David is one of the most famous statues in the world.

Michelangelo began this sculpture in 1501 and completed it on this date in 1504. The statue was paid for by the wool-workers of Florence, Italy, where the statue still stands; the wool-workers felt that David was a good symbol for their town because he was a shepherd and because he faced—and beat—the giant Goliath.

The statue shows David just as he is turning to face Goliath. He is considered to be sending a warning glare at the giant—and the statue was positioned to be sending this glare in the direction of the much larger and more powerful city of Rome.

The statue of David is still considered a symbol of the City of Florence, but it has been moved from its original position. It used to stand in front of the entrance to the Palazzo Vecchio, but it was moved indoors to the Accademia Gallery in order to protect it from damage. Unfortunately, it is hard to protect it from any and all possible damage. In 1991 a madman with a hammer attacked the statue and was able to damage one foot before he was stopped!

The original spot for the statue isn't empty—a replica stands there. There are a lot of replicas of this statue, all over the world, including a plaster cast in the Victoria and Albert Museum. Apparently, that particular replica has a detachable fig leaf that could be hung to cover the statue's nudity whenever Queen Victoria came to the museum!

I've seen several replicas of the statue, two of which were full size. I've also seen the original, and marveled at the beauty and the oversized hands. (If you ever see the statue or a replica, take a peek at how enormous the hands are! I read that the statue was originally intended to be on a cathedral roofline, so important parts of the sculpture had to be emphasized to be visible from below.)

I know that several of the replicas are supposed to be “exact copies,” hand-carved from the identical kind of marble (Carrara marble) from the same quarry where Michelangelo got his marble. I've heard that a sculptor copying a statue must make a lot of measurements with calipers, and must carve away very, very slowly, meticulously, constantly measuring and comparing to get the proportions exactly right. But...I still don't see how copies can be made so well!
Calipers

Learn more about Michelangelo.

Art Smarts 4 Kids has an artist profile. 

Michelangelo's David is an example of “subtractive sculpture,” which means carving away what you don't want to be part of a figure, rather than building up a figure with clay or other materials. Try to carve a bar of Ivory soap using a butter knife and a toothpick to see how difficult subtractive sculpture can be! (Of course, Michelangelo did carve soft soaphe carved hard marble!)


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